ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS work of applied art
Techniques and Materials Artwork Kriya:
There are several techniques of making craft objects that are tailored to the material. Tools and methods used include cast or cast, sculpture, batik, weaving, weaving, and form.
1. Techniques cast (print cast)When the bronze culture started to go to Indonesia, it became known processing techniques bronze. There are several craft of bronze objects such as gendering bronze axes, vessels, and jewelry.Printing techniques at that time there were two kinds:
• Pour Recurring Engineering (bivalves)
Bivalve technique called repeatedly pouring technique for keeping prints made using twoof stone and can be used repeatedly as needed (bi meaning two pieces danva lve mean). This technique is used to print objects that are simple both in form and decoration.
• Techniques Pour Disposable (A Cire Perdue)
Cire
Perdue created a technique for making bronze objects and decorative
shapes are more complicated, such as statues and bronze sculptures. This
technique begins by making a model out of clay, then coated with wax,
and then closed again with clay, then baked to remove the wax and
become involved in the cavity, so that the bronze can be poured into
it. After a cold mold clay can be broken down in order to obtain the desired bronze objects.Besides
casting techniques there are also techniques to forge the ingredients
come from bronze, copper, brass, silver, and gold. Such materials can be made into objects of art handicraft, like a dagger, plates, teapots and candlesticks. Currently there are many centers of cast metal handicrafts like silver. Famous landmarks that include silver in Kota Gede Yogyakarta and brass handicrafts located in Heilbron and Mojokerto.
2. Carving Techniques
Alam Nusantara with rich tropical forests into timber that can be used as a base for wood carving. The carvings are scraping activity, sculpt, and incise patterns carved on the surface of objects.In Indonesia, the work of carving stone has been known since a young age. In those days, a lot of equipment made of stone such as home furnishings and objects of pottery or wood. The objects were carved geometric motifs, such tumpal, circles, lines, swastika, zig zag, and triangles. Generally engraving than as decoration also symbolic and religious meaning.Views
of its kind, there are several types of carvings include carved
translucent (Krawangan), low carving, carving height (raised), and the
carvings intact. Carving artwork has a variety of functions including:Decorative function, the carvings are made purely as a decoration and has no particular meaning.Magical function, which is carved containing certain symbols and acts as a magical object associated with beliefs and spiritual.Symbolic
function, which in addition to the traditional carving as decoration
also serves to symbolize certain things related to the spiritual.Construction function, which in addition to the ornate carvings that also serves as a support building. Economic function, ie engraving which serves to increase the selling value of an object.
3. Batik technique
Batik long been known in the archipelago. However, its appearance is not known with certainty. Batik is an art form that generally form the image on the cloth. The
manufacturing process is to add a layer of night and then processed in
a certain way or through several stages of staining and the removal rod
lo tahapng night.
Tools and Materials
Tools and materials used for batik is generally as follows:Plain fabric, a material that would be motive (picture). The fabric is usually a cloth, Primissima, primed, blaco, and a T-shirt.Tonight, as a material for making motif as well as a barrier to the entry of the color fabric fibers (threads).Dye, to dye the fabric diasol naptol and salt.Canting and brush to carve the wax on fabricBrush for nemboki the closing night at the width of the fabric surface.In keeping with the times, currently known some batik techniques are as follows:
Tie-dyed
batik, batik is without the use of night sebagaia barrier material, but
using ropes to prevent the entry of color into the fabric fibers. This process is called batik with batik jumputan.
Batik batik is made by way of giving the night by using canting the motif that has been drawn on the cloth
Batik,
batik is made using a stamp (stamp which is generally made of copper)
as a tool to create a pattern so that the cloth does not have to be
drawn first.
Batik painting, batik is made by way of painting. In this technique the artist free to use the tool to get certain effects.
Modern batik, batik is a way of making free, not bound by the rules of the existing techniques. This
includes the selection of motifs and colors, therefore the end result
is no motive, shape, composition, and color are the same in every
product.
Batik printing, is a motive such as batik fabrics. The process of making batik is not using the batik technique, but the technique of screen printing (screen printing). Type of fabric is widely used for school uniform fabric.
4. Techniques Anyam
Objects of daily living needs, such as baskets, mats, hats and others made with woven techniques. The
raw materials used to make objects woven from a variety of plants that
take fiber, such as bamboo, palm, cane, rushes, pandan and others.
5. Weaving Techniques
Weaving technique is basically almost the same as the weaving technique, the difference is only on the tools used. For
webbing we just do it by hand (manual) and almost without using tools,
while the weaving craft we use a tool called lungsi and feed.
6. Shaping techniques
Penegertian forming technique here is to make the works of art with clay media, commonly called a pottery, pottery or ceramics. Ceramic is the work of clay through the combustion process to produce new goods and much different from the raw materials.
A technique commonly used in the manufacture of ceramics including:
a. Coil technique (helical coiled)
b. Mechanical face stone / massage finger
c. Techniques slab (slab)
How
the formation of a direct hand as coil, slab or finger massage is a
traditional ceramic forming techniques which are free to create the
desired shapes. The shape is not always symmetrical. This technique is often used by ceramic artists or the fans.
d. Techniques Play
Shaping techniques with a rotary tool can generate a lot of symmetrical shapes (spherical, cylindrical) and varied. How the formation of the roll technique is often used by the craftsmen in centers Sentara ceramics. Traditional potters typically use a rotary tool (hand wheel) or a foot rotary tool (kick wheel). The artisans work on a rotary tool and produce the same forms as bowl, jar etc..
e. Technique Print
Shaping
techniques with print can produce the goods in large quantities in a
relatively short time with the same shape and size as well. Printed
materials are commonly used in the form of casts, such as for the
hollow mold, solid mold, mold and mold jigger for decorating paste. This method is used in ceramic factories to mass production, such as a household appliance plate, cup, bowl glass etc.Besides
the formation of the above ways, the traditional potters to form
ceramic printing techniques pres, as did craftsman tiles, wall tiles
and wall decorations with a variety of motifs such as animals or plants.
Traditional fine arts
Traditional art is art elements that are part of living in a nation / tribe / clan / particular nation. Traditional
art is in an area different from those in other areas, even though it
did not rule out the existence of traditional art that is similar
between the two adjacent regions.
The characteristics ofCreation is always based on the philosophy of an activity in a culture, can be a religious or ceremonial activities.Tied with specific grip-grip.ExamplePuppet show, puppet show, puppets beber, ornaments in traditional houses in each region, batik, songket, and others.
Modern art
Modern art is art that is not limited to an indigenous culture or region, but still based on a philosophy and art schools.
The characteristics ofThe concept of creation is still based on a philosophy, but not limited to the range of translation visualization.Not tied to a particular grip-grip.
ExamplePaintings by Raden Saleh Sharif Bustaman, Basuki Abdullah, and other painters of the modern era.
ArtistRaden Saleh Sharif Bustaman, Abdullah Sr., Pirngadi, Basuki Abdullah, Wakidi, Wahid Somantri, Agus Jaya Suminta, S. Sujoyono, Ramli, Abdul Salam, Otto Jaya S, Speech, and Emira Sunarsa.
Contemporary art
Contemporary art is a branch of art that affected the impact of modernization. Contemporary that means contemporary, modern or rather is something similar to the conditions at the same time or at this time. So contemporary art is art that is not bound by the rules of a bygone era and evolve with the times now. Contemporary paintings are works thematically reflect the situation while being traversed. For example, the painting is no longer bound to the Rennaissance. Similarly, the dance, more creative and modern.
The characteristics ofNot bound by the rules of a bygone era and evolve with the times.The
absence of a gap between the various disciplines of art, aka melting
the boundaries between painting, sculpture, graphics, crafts, theater,
dance, music, to political action.ExampleThe works of art happenings, works of Christo and various works of art enviromental.
