Soil erosion and impact in the lives ofErosion is the lifting of the soil or sediment due to wind or water movement on the surface or bottom waters. Erosion
will be influenced by natural factors naturally or by the actions of
the men who sought to cultivate the land and the environment in his
interest.
A. Soil erosion
Soil erosion is soil weathered and prone to destruction. the damage caused to the land where erosion caused by the decline of the chemical properties and physical soil. namely:
1. Loss of nutrients and organic matter.2. Decreased infiltration capacity (the ability of the soil to absorb water) and the ability of soil to hold water.3. Increased density and soil penetration resistance.4. Reduced stability of the soil structure, which in turn led to deterioration in plant growth and declining productivity.All
of the above because the top layer of soil 15 cm thick have the
chemical properties and physical properties better than the lower
layers. The amount of nutrients lost depends on the amount of the nutrient content of the sediment and the amount carried by erosion.In some places, erosion causes loss of fertile topsoil and reduced the soil's ability to absorb and hold water. The transported soil deposited elsewhere, namely in rivers, reservoirs, lakes, irrigation canals, and on farmland.
The main cause of soil erosion:Bare soilLand is not created terraces sloping / rolls the water buffer.Land is not made partner retaining embankment erosion.Miningforest exploitation,dredging soilin addition, the factors that cause erosion include:ClimateClimate can affect erosion due to rain erosifitas determine the index. In addition, the components of climate rainfall can affect the rate constant corresponding erosifitas rainfall that occurred.
LandModerate
soil properties can determine the size of the rate of erosion (erosion)
and is expressed as a factor of soil erodibility (soil sensitivity to
erosion or soil resistance to erosion).
TopographyThe ability of water-borne soil erosion is influenced by the topography of an area. Conditions that can wash away soil areas as rapidly sediment erosion is an area that has a large enough slope. While on a sloping area will be less intensive erosifitasnya rate, because it is more likely to occur inundation.
Land Cover CropsPlant ground cover (vegetation) acts to keep the soil more secure from sparks caused by the rain fall to the ground. In
addition to protecting from befalling of raindrops, vegetation also
serves to improve the composition of the soil with the help of the
roots spread.
HumanHumans can act as a cause of the rapid rate of erosion and curb erosion. In
the process of accelerating erosion, many people make mistakes in the
management of the environment, such as mining, forest exploitation,
dredging soil, and so forth. While
the response rate of erosion, humans can evaluate land conservation by
way of reforestation, terracing on agricultural manufacturing, and
others.
B. Impact of Soil Erosion:
* Depletion of the upper soil surface layer, which will cause menurunnnya ability of the land (land degradation).
* Decreased ability of the soil to absorb water (infiltration).
* Siltation and siltation dam
* Tertimbunnya agricultural land and buildings.
* Deteriorating water quality,
* Loss of aquatic ecosystems.
* Changes in soil structure,
* As well as changes in the soil profile
