Greening is one of the important activities that must be carried out conceptually in dealing with the environmental crisis. So important that greening is a national program implemented throughout Indonesia.
Many facts show that it is not uncommon development built on agricultural land and green open spaces. Whereas
plants in the ecosystem role as the first manufacturer to convert solar
energy into potential energy for other creatures and convert CO2 into
O2 in the process of photosynthesis. So
as to enhance urban greening means to reduce CO2 or other pollutants
that contribute the greenhouse effect or climate disruption. In
addition to the role of vegetation in the life and health of the
physical environment, also plays an aesthetic as well as mental health.
Given
the importance of this vegetation, especially in urban areas to address
the environmental crisis will require planning and planting vegetation
to greening conceptually.From
the various observations and studies there is a tendency that the
implementation of greening has not conceptual, even seem so long. Choosing plants for reasons readily available, cheap and fast growing.Urban greeningGreening
in the broadest sense is any power to restore, maintain and improve the
condition of the land in order to produce and to function optimally, as
watersheds or protective environment. There
is also a saying that the greening of the city is an attempt to green
the city by managing the city parks, neighborhood parks, green belt and
so on. In this case the urban greening is an activity filling open space in urban areas.In the process of photosynthesis of green plants take CO2 and emit O2 C6H12O6 and much-needed role of living things. Therefore, the role of green plants is needed to capture CO2 and release O2 back into the air. In
addition, various metabolic processes of green plants can provide a
variety of functions for the needs of living things that can improve
the quality of the environment.Each
year the vegetation of the earth mempersenyawakan approximately 150,000
million tons of CO2 and 25,000 million tons of hydrogen to liberate
400,000 million tonnes of oxygen into the atmosphere, and produce
450,000 million tons of organic substances. Every hour 1 ha green leaves absorbs 8 kg CO2 equivalent CO2 exhaled by human breath approximately 200 people in the same time. Each
tree planted has the capacity to cool the air with an average of 5 air
conditioning (AC), which operated continuously 20 hours a day. Each
93 m2 of trees can absorb noise by 8 decibels, and every 1 ha of trees
able to neutralize the CO2 released 20 vehicles. (Zoer'aini Djamal
Irwan, 1996).Once
the importance of the role of plants on earth in addressing the
environmental crisis, especially in urban areas, is appropriate if the
existence of plants received serious attention in the implementation of
urban greening as an element of the urban forest.Greening role and function (1) As the lungs of the city. Plants
as green elements, the growth of acid produced (O2) that is necessary
for living things to breath, (2) As a regulator of the (micro),
vegetation will cause local environmental air into cool, comfortable
and fresh, (3) the Creator life
(ecological), (4) Natural Balance (adaphis) is the establishment of
places of natural life for the animals that live in the vicinity, (5)
Protection (protective), the physical conditions of the surrounding
nature (wind, sun, gases or dust -dust), (6) beauty (aesthetics), (7) health (hygiene); Recreation and education (educational), (9) Socio economic policy.As
raised by Eckbo (1956) that the choice of plants for reforestation in
order to grow well should be considered horticultural conditions
(ecological) and physical conditions. Terms
of horticultural the response and tolerance to temperature, water
requirements, needs and tolerance for sunlight, soil needs, pests and
diseases, as well as other physical conditions that greening purposes,
cultivation requirements, canopy shape, color, flavor.Elements of urban forestFunctions
and benefits of forests, among others to deliver results, pencagaran
flora and fauna, water and soil erosion control, climate amelioration. If
the forest is located in the town forest functions and benefits include
creating a micro climate, engineering, architectural, aesthetic,
temperature modification, seepage of rain, wind and air protection, air
pollution control, waste management and reduce reflection of sunlight,
soil erosion control , reduce runoff, soil binding. Construction vegetation can regulate water balance by way of interception, infiltration, evaporation and transpiration.Reviewing the functioning of urban greening and the forest can be said that urban greening is an element of the urban forest. While the urban forest is part of the green open space of the city. Forest
City (urban forestry) by Grey and Denehe (1978), includes all woody
vegetation in residential neighborhoods, from small villages to large
cities. Fukuara
et al argued about the urban forest, the open space is overgrown with
woody vegetation in urban areas that provide maximum environmental
benefits to city residents in usability protection, aesthetics and
other special recreation.Meanwhile,
according to Grey and Denehe (1978), Forest City (urban forestry)
include all woody vegetation in residential neighborhoods, from small
villages to large cities. Given
the nature of the yard contains forest that aspires to the interests of
the people, then that is grounds forestry development seems more
democratic is managed agroforestry systems people. Yard can produce wood, bamboo, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and medicines.As
a consequence of plant as the first manufacturer in the ecosystem, and
given the function of urban forestry and urban greening function relies
heavily on vegetation are used then no longer disputed land as a
condition of the urban forest. What is important is the number and diversity of vegetation in urban areas the garden as much as possible. Thus,
as an element of urban greening urban forest needs to be conceptually
include planning, implementation, and maintenance by considering the
aesthetic, functional and environmental conservation. Implementation should be in accordance with the plan as well as maintenance must be carried out continuously.Planting techniquesKey factors to note are the Adala tree planting techniques, (1) Selection of seed plants. Generative seeds is derived from the seeds, a seed is more appropriate because it has a taproot and can live longer. Vegetative seedlings, seeds that are derived from vegetative parts of plants, such as stems, leaves and roots. Vegetative seedlings are generally less robust and shallow roots so quickly destroy sidewalks, streets or drainage channels.Good
seed at least has grown in containers for 6 months with a minimum
height rod + 1:50 m and a diameter of 0.05 m, to test it enough to pull
out the seeds. If
the seedlings easily separated from the container means new yet good
enough to be moved and planted on the ground, otherwise if it is
difficult to remove means the roots are well established and can be
planted in the field;(2) Planting. Planting hole should be prepared at least one week before planting. Planting hole size depends on the size of the plant. The standard size of the planting hole is 0.75 m (height) x 0.90 m (width) x 0.90 m (length), (3) Maintenance pascatanam. Maintaining a position to grow in order to remain upright and stable. Watering 2-3 days, especially in the dry season while throwing twigs kerimg. Nurturing plants 3 months with 25 grams of NPK fertilizer per hole-Forest benefits are:1. As suplyer Oxygen is the main raw material for human respiratory2. As flood prevention3. As a natural air4. As the world's lungs
