HISTORY OF AL QURAN
Is it al-Quran.
· "Quran" in the opinion of the most powerful kind described Dr. Subhi Al Salih bererti "reading", the origin of the word qara'a. The word Qur'an is shaped by the sense isim masdar maf'ul the maqru '(read).
·
In the Qur'an itself there is the use of the word "Qur'an" in the sense
of the way sebagal in verse 17, sura 18 (75) Al Qiyaamah:
Meaning:
· 'Verily collect the Qur'an (in the chest), and (set) reading (on the tongue) that is tanggunggan us. kerana it if we've read it, let you come with reading ".Then use the word "Qur'an" is known to the Quran today.
The
definition of the Qur'an is: "Word of Allah which is a miracle that
descended (revealed) to the Prophet Muhammad and the Manuscripts
written and narrated by mutawatir and reading it is worship"
By this definition, the word of God revealed to the prophets except Prophet Muhammad not named as Torah Qur'an were revealed to Prophet Musa or the gospel that Jesus passed down to a U.S. Thus
did the Word of God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad who read it are
not considered as worship, as Hadith Qudsi, nor called the Qur'an.
How the Quran was revealed.
· Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. in terms of revelation experienced a variety of ways and circumstances. include:
1, the angel of revelation put it into his heart. In this respect s.a.w. did not see anything, he just felt that it had been only in his heart. On this the Prophet said: "Purest Spirit revealed in my heart", (see sura (42) Ash Syuura subsection (51).
2. Angels
appeared to the Prophet in the form of a man who said those words to
him so that he will know and memorize the correct words.
3. Revelation came to him as gemerincingnya loceng. This is a very tough way perceived by the Prophet. Sometimes berpancaran sweat on his forehead, although the revelation was in the winter so. Sometimes camels he had to stop and sit because they feel so heavy, when the revelation was dropped when he was riding a camel. Narrated
by Zaid bin Thabit: "I am the author of the revelation to the Prophet.
I saw the Prophet when revelation was as if attacked by a violent fever
and sweat profusely like a jewel. Later after the revelation, then he
returned as usual".
· 4. Angels appeared to the Prophet, not in the form of a man as the state no. 2, but apparently really like the original. It is mentioned in the Qur'an sura (53) An Najm verses 13 and 14.
Meaning:
· Verily Muhammad has been seen at other times (second). When he was in Sidratulmuntaha.
Lessons derived Koran beransur-ansur
Qur'an was revealed in beransur-ansur during 22 years 2 months 22 days or 23 years, 13 years in Mecca and 10 years in Medina. Wisdom of the Qur'an was revealed in beransur-ansur were:
1. Be more easily understood and implemented. People will not carry out errands, and if only messengers ban and the ban was lowered once more. It is mentioned by Bukhari and history 'A'ishah
2. Among the verses that there is no one mansukh Nasikh and, according to the issue at that time. This can not be done if only the Qur'an was revealed at once. (This according to the opinion that the Nasikh and mansukh).
3. The fall in any paragraph in accordance with events that occur will be more memorable and more influential in the liver.
4. Facilitate memorization. Idolaters who asks why the Qur'an was not revealed all at once. as mentioned in the Qur'an verse (25) Al Furqaan paragraph 32, namely:
· Why did not the Qur'an revealed to him all at once
· Then answered in the verse itself:
· Thus, the (way) so we want to set your heart
5. Among the verses there is an answer than a question or refusal of an opinion or action, as said by Ibn 'Abbas ra It can not be done when the Qur'an was revealed at once.
Makkiyah paragraph and paragraph Madaniyah
· In terms of period of decline, the Quran was dibahagi into two groups:
1. These verses were revealed in Mecca or before Prophet Muhammad migrated to Medina called Makkiyyah verses.
2. The verses revealed in Medina or after Prophet Muhammad migrated to Medina called Madaniyyah verses.
Makkiyyah
verses include 19/30 of the Koran consists of 86 chapters, verses being
Madaniyyah include 11/30 of the Koran consists of 28 chapters.
Distinction Makiyyah verses with verses Madaniyyah are:
1. Makkiyyah
verses are generally short verses Madaniyyah were long-term; letters
Madaniyyah which is 11/30 of the Koran verses amount to 1.456, while
the verse Makkiyyah which is 19/30 of the contents of Al Qur ' an amount of 4.780 verses verses.
Juz
28 wholly Madaniyyah except subsection (60) Mumtahinah, totaling 137
verses;'m juz 29 is Makkiyyah except subsection (76) Addahr, totaling
431 verses. Surat
Al ash Syu'araa Anfaal and letters each is but the first half juz
Madaniyyah with paragraph numbers as 75, while the second verse
numbering Makiyyah with 227.
2. In
these verses there Madaniyyah saying "Yes ayyuhalladzi na aamanu" and
there are very little words 'Yaa ayyuhannaas', is in the opposite
Makiyyah verses.
3. Makkiyyah
verses generally contains things related to faith, threat and reward,
stories containing previous race and moral teaching; being Madaniyyah
contains the laws, whether related to customary law or the laws of
earthly , such as the legal community, law grammatical nationality, the law of war, international law, law and religion among others.
The names of al-Quran
God gave him the name of the book of the Qur'an, which means "recitation".
· The meaning of this can be seen in a letter (75) Al Qiyaamah; verses 17 and 18 as described above.
This
name was corroborated by verses contained in the letter (17) Al lsraa
'verse 88; letters (2) Al Baqarah verse 85; letters (15) Al Hijr verse
87; letters (20) Thaaha paragraph 2; letters (27) An
Naml paragraph 6; letters (46) Ahqaaf paragraph 29; letters (56) Al
Waqi'a paragraph 77; letters (59) Al Hashr verse 21 and note (76)
Addahr verse 23.
Within the meaning of the verses of the Qur'an was used as the name for the Word of God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad
· In addition to the Qur'an, God also gave some other name for His Book, sepcrti:
1. Al
Kitab or Kitaabullah: a synonim of words of the Qur'an, as stated in a
letter (2) Al Baqarah verse 2 which means: "the Book (the Qur'an) is no
doubt ...." See also note (6) Al-An'am verse 114.
· 2. Al
Furqaan: "Al Furqaan" means: "differentiator", is "the difference
between right and falsehood", as mentioned in note (25) Al Furqaan
paragraph 1 which means: "The Supreme Court (Allah) have sent down Al
Furqaan, His servant, that it be a warning to the whole world "
3. Adh-Dhikr. It means: "Warning". as
mentioned in the letter (15) Al Hijr verse 9 which means: Surely we who
lose "Adh-Dhikr and verily We're the keeper of her" (See also note (16)
An Nahl verse 44. Of the three names mentioned above, The
most famous and is a typical name is "Quran". addition of three names
and a few more names to the Qur'an. Imam As Suyuthy in his book Al
Itqan, the names of the Qur'an, include: Al Mubiin, Al Kareem, Al Kalam, An Nuur.
Sura-sura in the Koran
The
number of letters contained in the Qur'an there were 114; names and
boundaries of each letter, the composition of its verses are the terms
set forth and taught by the Prophet himself (tauqifi).
Some
of the letters of the Qur'an has a name and some of the others have
more than one name, as will be described in the Prolegomena each letter.
· The letters are there in the Qur'an in terms of long and short is divided into four sections, namely:
1. ASSAB'UTHTHIWAAL, intended, seven letters long are: Al-Baqarah, Ali Imran, An-Nisa ', Al A'raf, Al An'am, Al Maa-idah and Jonah.
2. Al MIUUN, intended letters containing about a hundred more verses like: Hud, Joseph, etc. Mu'min.
3. Al MATSAANI, meant the letters containing a little less than a hundred verses such as: Al Anfaal. Al Hijr, etc..
4. AL MUFASHSHAL, meant short letters. such as: Adhdhuha, Al Ikhlas, Falaq AL, An Nas. etc..
g. Hijaaiyyah letters that exist at the beginning of the letter.
· In the Qur'an there are 29 letters that begin with the letters hijaaiyyah ie letters:
(1) Al-Baqarah, (2) Ali Imran, (3) Al A'raf. (4) Jonah (5) Joseph, (7) Ar Ra'ad, (8) Abraham, (9) Al Hijr, (10) Mary. (11) Thaaha. (12) Ash Syu'araa, (13) An Naml, (14) Al Qasas, (15) A1'Ankabuut, (16) Ar Rum. (17) Lukman, (18) as-Sajda (19) Yasin, (20) Shaad, (21) Al-Mu'min, (22) Fushshilat, (23) Ash Syuuraa. (24) Az Zukhruf (25) Ad Dukhan, (26) Al Jaatsiyah, (27) Al Ahqaaf. (28) Qaf and (29) Al Qalam (Nuun).
Hijaaiyyah letters contained at the beginning of each letter above, called 'Fawaatihushshuwar' means opening the letters.
Many opinions expressed by the scholars' interpretations of the meaning and purpose of the letters hijaaiyyah.
